information systems UDC 551+004
THE INFORMATION BASE OF REGIONAL ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
Rykova V. V. Department of Sientific Bibliography, State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia;
e-mail:
bmc_87@mail.ru Abstract. The paper represents the system of information support of atmospheric studies created by the State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPSTL SB RAS). A brief description of e-products of SPSTL SB RAS' own generation is given.
Key words: atmospheric research, Asian-Pacific region, databases, information products
space researches UDC 550.3+551.5:629.78 OCIS codes: 280.1415, 280.4788, 280.4991.
COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING Kozoderov V.V. 1, Dmitriev E.V. 2, Sokolov A.A. 3 1 M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia, e-mail: vkozod@mail.ru
2 Institute of Numerical Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Gubkina 8, Moscow, 119333, Russia; Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
3 University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Laboratory for Physico-Chemistry of the Atmosphere, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
Abstract. Optical remote sensing has become a valuable tool in pattern recognition and scene analysis techniques. This research and development discipline deals with an automation of decision making procedures to separate different classes of land surface objects on the hyperspectral images in visible and near infrared region. Cognitive technologies are designed to process these images using optimization procedures of spectral and textural features extraction for the related objects. Sensors are described for the imaging spectrometers based on the Charge Coupled Device (CCD) technology that enables to obtain hyperspectral cubes (two horizontal coordinates and wavelength). Computer vision procedures are outlined for optical remote sensing data processing. Some classifiers are considered for this purpose (artificial neural networks, linear and non-linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine method, Bayesian strategy in spatial and spectral optimization domains). The special emphasis is given to improvements of the machine-learning algorithms of pattern recognition for forests of different species and ages on the hyperspectral images. The applications are concerned the accuracy enhancement by selecting pixels relating to tree's sunlit tops, completely shaded background, partly illuminated by the Sun and partly shaded elements of the forest canopy for particular classes. The recognition errors of different classes of forests have shown to be similar to errors in the routine ground-based forest inventory techniques. This fact gives an opportunity to use the automation procedures for the assessment of the current forest ecosystem state while processing remote sensing hyperspectral images. Direct and inverse problems of atmospheric optics are solved to retrieve the biological productivity parameters for the recognized classes of forests based on the proposed techniques of hyperspectral imagery processing and modeling results of the projective cover and density of the forest canopy retrieval. Applying the cognitive technologies, we have detected object classes on a particular image, forest classes of different species and ages within their contours on the image, parameters of biological productivity for these forest classes.
Key words: remote sensing, ground-based observations, hyper-spectral imagery processing, pattern recognition, computational procedures
tourism UDC 379.85
TOURISM IN INTEGRATION OF GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIETY Golubchikov Iu. N.1, Kruzalin V.I.2, Rukin M.D.3 1Cand. Sci. (Geography), Lomonosov' Moscow State University, Geographical Faculty, Department of Recreational Geography and Tourism, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: golubchikov@list.ru
2Dr. Sci. (Geography), prof., Lomonosov' Moscow State University, Geographical Faculty, Department of Recreational Geography and Tourism, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: kruz@ikio.msu.ru
3Dr. Sci. (Engineering), prof., The Earth Science Museum at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, e-mail:
ruckin.mihail@yandex.ru Abstract. The natural-humanitarian characteristics of tourism allow it to overcome interdisciplinary barriers and have already linked most diverse spheres of science, business and market segments. Tourism represents a powerful nucleus of unity of geography and became the sphere of interest of many sciences thus promoting their connection. The branch of popular science that has emerged based on tourism is called the 'citizen science'. This spontaneously emerging field of knowledge studies tourism in detail and even transforms geography in general. A challenging period of development of ordinary peoples' ideas about the area is emerging. Tourism geography fills in the space between 'citizen geography,' on the one hand, and geographic science, country studies, and regional studies, on the other. The focus of land use and environmental management is the human impact on the geographic environment, while the focus of human geography (human geography / anthropogeography) is the impact of the geographic environment on humans. In tourism geography, the center is shifted towards the human perception of the geographic environment. Science once again has to recognize that knowledge is impregnated with individuality. Thus, tourism brings a subject and his or her emotional and other experiences into the course of science. Tourism, once again, drew attention to the deep original proximity of the geography and the arts.
Keywords: tourism geography, Internet, educational and vital-helth resources, landscape concept, vernacular regions, human geography
new materials, equipment & technology UDK 620.22+620.28
PYKRETE AND RYZRETE - UNUSUAL MATERIALS FOR THE COLD CLIMATE Ryzhenkov A.V. researcher, Federal State Unitary Enterprise "All-Russian Institute of Aviation Materials",
Moscow, Russia, e-mail:
ryzhenkov_av@viam.ru Abstract. The article deals with the history of invention and first use of a unique composite material based on ice – pykrete. This material was used for the first time to build a mega-carrier "Habakkuk" together the UK and Canada. Subsequently, the material pykrete found application for the construction of the engineering and design of structures in Scandinavia and Austria. Pykrete composite material based on cellulose, modified cellulose, paper, sawdust. This paper proposes a new class of materials – ryzrete, they differ in that their creation is not only wood and cellulose, but other polymers and fillers. Ryzrete – composite material based on the ice, which is not used is used cellulose and its derivatives. The prospects of the use of such materials in the Arctic and Antarctic climates, as well as in the cold climate of the Moon, Mars and Jupiter's moons with a possible their development.
Keywords: materials for Arctic climate, pykrete, ryzrete, composites
complex systems. experiment, theory, practice and discussion UDC 539.19+544.14
THE ENERGY OF THE MERCURY MOLECULE Vinnik M.A. Dr. Sci. (Pedagogic), The Earth Science Museum at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, e-mail:
vin_nik@mail.ru Abstract. The author theoretically calculated the energy balance of the Hg molecule. It is assumed that the form of atoms and molecules has a cubic structure and the Coulomb interaction between them. The theoretical calculations of these molecules are completely consistent with experimental data.
Key words: energy balance of the molecules